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Princip subsidiarity EU: vývoj a dopady
Tejkal, Tomáš
The bachelor's thesis focuses on important aspects related to the observance of the subsidiarity principle to determine whether the principle is adequately respected in the Union structures. According to the principle, exercising powers between the Union and the member states should be regulated effectively. However, the principle also contains other elements that contribute to its ambiguous interpretation. The study emphasizes the interpretation of the principle itself but also examines the role of national parliaments that can participate in the subsidiarity control mechanism. Different perceptions of the principle prevail both among the EU institutions and national parliaments. An important player is primarily the European Commission, which looks at the principle of subsidiarity in its narrower form, despite the lack of clearly defined criteria. This is also reflected in the function of the Subsidiarity control mechanism, which in its current form has a rather marginal influence on the legislative creation. In addition, its use has been decreasing for a long time and no significant reforms are taking place. Even the legal anchoring of the principles coexists with the political framework, which further deepens the problematic nature of the principle. This may be why the European Court of Justice is reluctant to challenge the Union's legislators. Moreover, compliance with the principle of subsidiarity does not seem to be the main subject of the Commission's regulatory instruments, which in this regard are rather applied towards better political decision-making. The reasons probably lie in the still vaguely established procedures relating to the operation of the principle of subsidiarity since the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon. The above arguments thus indicate that the principle of subsidiarity in the Union is being violated. It does not seem that there is a more effective distribution of powers, which also requires the proper legitimacy of lower units.
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Assessing the impact of planned buildings on the landscape character
ŠTĚPÁNEK, Milan
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to assess the influence of the building's intention on landscape character. In the theoretical part, concepts such as countryside and landscape character, their anchoring in the legislation, are explained. The methodological procedures used for assessment of the landscape character are also described. Practical part is own evaluation and assessment according to the method of spatial and character differentiation of territory, compiled by doc. Ivan Vorel and his colleagues in 2004. First, the characteristics of the territory are determined. Then, by visualization, determined the landscape area concerned, and determined the landscape character values in it. The result is an assessment of the influence of the intention of building the lookout tower on the Třemšín hill, on the landscape in its surroundings, ie in Rožmitál.
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Impact analysis of large dam constuction with case study of Orlik water dam
Milaberská, Lucie ; Khendriche Trhlínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vochozková, Jacqueline (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the large water dams realization and their impact on the adjacent region and its development. The aim of thesis is to identify the most important effects associated with the construction of dams and analyze them. The theoretical part defines basic terms, categories of dams and the impacts of their construction, included the planning proces too. The problem is practically solved on the example of the Orlik Dam. The methods that has been used on this topic were literature review, data and available resources analysis and also there were used microhistorical approach. It can be assumed that dams have great impact on the surrounding environment, but the volume of the impact is always determined by many factors. Due to the amount of planned infrastructure projects is needed to pay extra attention for consequences of their realization considerable.
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Impact assessment of tax policy with static CGE model regarding environmental protection in Czech Republic
Smejkal, Tomáš ; Hurník, Jaromír (advisor) ; Potužák, Pavel (referee)
At the beginning of the year 2014 carbon tax should be introduced in Czech Republic with the main focus on decreasing CO2 emission from firms not involved in EU ETS. Potential repercussions of this regulatory tool depend on multiple complex events occurring within the economy. In response a macroeconomic general equilibrium model with the base year of 2009 was created. This model is able to identify complex events within the economy and simulate initiation of the tax itself. As a result of this model there is a conclusion that not all sectors will decrease their demand for newly taxed fossil fuels and that an increase of consumption for relatively less taxed fuels for instance natural gas might be expected as a result of the tax initiation. Carbon tax will be according to the simulation results indirectly but significantly influencing the energy sector, which will in spite of the relative cut-price of input fuels respond with decrease in electricity production. Consequent higher electricity price will then cause additional costs for taxed sectors. Important conclusion is also the fact that rational behavior of economic agents could lead to a lower emission reduction than is currently being expected and even further increase in the tax rate beyond 15 EUR/tCO2 would probably not lead to a significant reduction of CO2 emissions.
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Voda a životní prostředí
Inkoteka, Praha ; Nesvadba, Jindřich
Publikace se skládá ze dvou samostatných částí. První tvoří abecední slovník pojmů a jevů týkajících se vody ve vztahu k životnímu prostředí. Druhou tvoří studie o posuzování vlivu na životního prostředí v oblasti odpadového hospodářství. V této části jsou popsány typy posuzovaní vlivu na životní prostředí a ekobilancování jako diagnostická metoda. Jsou definovány indikátory pro sestavení programového EIA pro odpadové hospodářství. Studie rozebírá metody posuzování vlivu pro řízené skládky TKO, pro spalování odpadu a pro znovu. Závěrečná kapitola rozebírá posuzování různých systémových variant v oblasti odpadového hospodářství.
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Consuption Taxes and Market Prices: Interaction and Effects
Křiklava, Eduard ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hartlová, Alena (referee)
The subject of this thesis is interaction between market prices and consumption taxes. The thesis contains analysis of influence of consumption taxes on market prices of five chosen goods, monitors possible causes, observes and quantifies the amount of additionally imposed tax, which is beard by consumer or producer of the good. The analysis of consumption taxes influence on market prices is performed by methods of correlation and regression analysis. Analyzed products are petrol "natural 95" (unleaded), diesel oil, cigarettes Petra and Sparta, dark rum and beer. Prices of these goods are monitored by Czech Statistical Office. First part of this thesis contains mostly theoretical introduction and impact theory of taxes. Second part deals with particular consumption taxes and their short-term impact. The third part of this thesis contains the statistical analysis.
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The importance of the system of EIA for the needs of spatial planning.
Březinová, Lucie ; Macháček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Khorel, Tomáš (referee)
The diploma thesis consists of three parts. In the first part the problematics of the EIA process is explained and basic data and statitistics for the years 2003 to 2007 is mentioned with respect to the legislative changes in 2006 and 2007. The statistics include i.e. the total number of the projects assessed in individual years, number of the projects assessed by The Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic and regional authorities. Furthermore there are quantified individual projects coming under individual regions, respecting the division into individual industrial branches. Part two deals with the problematics of landscape planning --definiton, tools, targets, legislation and authorities in charge with landscape planning. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the importance of the system of EIA for the needs of spatial planning. There are shown the benefits of EIA for landscape development. Moreover there is distinguishing of EIA for individual projects and for spatial conceptions.
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